References- Books

References- Books

-Principles of Anatomy and physiology Gerard J. Tortora, Bryan H. Derrickson (2009). 12th ed. N/A: John Wiley and sons. N/A

-Diagnosis and treatment of improvement impairment syndromes Shirley A. Sharmann (2002) China: Mobsy Inc. N/A 

-Anatomy and physiology John C. Atherton and Helen L. Atherton (2007) 6th ed. China: Mobsy Inc. N/A 

*Diagnosis treatment and of improvement impairment syndromes*

-Chapter three (Pages 51- 61) 

Normal Alignment of Lumbar spine (introduction, Diagrams)

-(Pages 65- 73) 

Muscular Actions of Lumbar spine

-(Pages 121- 134)

Movement Impairment syndromes of the hip introduction, Normal Alignment of the hip

-(Pages 216- 217)

Movement Impairment syndromes of the scapula 

-(Pages 367- 371)

Corrective exercises: Purposes ans special considerations

-(Page 371)

Supine exercises

-(Pages 385- 389)

Prone exercises (Lower extremity), Prone exercises (Upper extremity)

-(Pages 393- 399)

Sitting, Standing and walking exercises 

-Page 122

"The hip angle (joint) is not always an accurate indication of pelvic tilt. This angle is affected by knee joint alignment and by pelvic alignment. When the knee is flexed the hip will be flexed, even if the pelvic is tilt is neutral. When the knee is hyperextended the hip will be extended, even if the pelvic tilt neutral or slightly anterior."

-Page 124

"Hip joint extension is a common postural fault evident in the individual who stands in swayback posture with posterior pelvic tilt and hyperextended knees. The combination of posterior pelvic tilt and knee hyperextension produces hyperextension of the hip joint. Standing in hip hyperextension (greater than 10 degrees) for prolonged periods can stretch the anterior joint capsule and place stress on the iliopsoas muscle and tendon. Activities that contribute to development of the hip extension are distance running, ballet, modern dance or any activity that includes the performance of "splits"."

-Page 216

"The scapular alignment is correct, but the movement of the scapula is impaired. Impaired scapular moment refers to insufficient or excessive range, alteration in orientation or inappropriate timing of scapular movement in relation to humeral motion. For example, although the subject has ideal shoulder girdle alignment, the scapula only upwardly rotates 40 degrees at simpleton of shoulder flexion."

-Page 368

"Purposes

-To decrease the excessive flexibility of the lumbar spine and to increase hip extensor extensibility.

-To train the patient to move more easily through the hip joints than through the lumbar spine.

-To encourage the use of the gluteus maximise during the return from flexion to erect standing.

-To enhance the performance of the hip extensor muscles."

-Page 372

"- Hip and flexion, sliding heel from hip and knee extension (heel slides)

- To learn to use the abdominal muscles to prevent trunk and spine motions while moving the lower extremities.

- To initiate abdominal muscle control of pelvic tilt and rotation of strengthening of abdominal muscles."

-Page 378

"Hip Flexor Stretch (Two-Joint)

- To stretch the hip flexor, tensor fascia lata, rectus femoris and iliopsoas muscles.

- To correct the compensatory anterior pelvic tilt or rotation motion of the lumbar spine and the pelvis associated with shortness or stiffness of the hip flexor muscles.

- To correct the compensatory lateral rotation motion of the tibia associated with shortness of the tensor fascia lata."

-Page 393

"knee extension and Ankle Dorsiflexion

- To stretch the hamstrings and the calf muscles.

- To correct muscle length discrepancies between the medial and lateral hamstring muscles.

- To train the patient to control compensatory lumbar flexion and rotation associated with stretch of hamstrings."

Looking at the information the book contains.